Global wildlife populations could decline by two-thirds by 2020, a new report said today as it placed India fifth in terms of capacity to produce renewable resources and absorb spillover wastes like carbon dioxide.
The report said food production to meet demands of growing human population was the “primary” factor responsible for the destruction of habitats and over-exploitation of wildlife.
It said despite the low personal carbon footprint of Indians, it is a “challenge” when aggregated by population size and predicted that the equation will be further affected as wealth grows.
“Global wildlife populations could decline by an average of 67 per cent between 1970-2020 as a result of human activities. Global populations of birds, mammals, amphibians, fish and reptiles have already declined by 58 per cent between 1970 and 2012, the most recent year with available data.
“This places the world on a trajectory of a potential two-thirds decline within a span of the half-century ending in 2020,” WWF’s Living Planet Report 2016 said while highlighting the magnitude of human impact on the planet and the changes needed in the way society is fed and fuelled.
The report said just as human demand on nature varies among countries, nature’s biocapacity —ecosystem’s capacity to produce resources such as food, fibre and renewable raw materials and absorb spillover wastes like carbon dioxide — is unevenly distributed.
“Brazil, China, US, Russia and India account for nearly half of the planet’s total biocapacity. These few countries function as global biocapacity hubs as they are among the primary exporters of resources to the other countries.
“This results in great pressure on ecosystems in these countries, undoubtedly contributing to habitat loss. This is an example where pressure is driven by consumption activities in other, distant countries,” it said.
The 2016 report noted that food production is primarily responsible for the destruction of habitats and over- exploitation of wildlife.
“At present, agriculture occupies about one-third of the Earth’s total land area and accounts for almost 70 per cent of water use. India ranks fifth in terms of biocapacity...India’s carbon footprint currently makes up 53 per cent of the country’s overall ecological footprint,” the report said.
The report, which tracks over 14,000 vertebrate populations of over 3,700 species from 1970 to 2012, provides additional evidence that the planet is entering a completely unchartered territory in history in which humanity is shaping changes on Earth, including “a possible sixth mass extinction“.
The top threats to species are directly linked to human activities, including habitat loss, degradation and over-exploitation of wildlife, the report said.